X-ray fluorescence trace analysis of feldspar ores produced in Menderes massive

Ülkemizin en önemli ve kaliteli feldspat yatakları Batı Anadolu'da, Çine-Milas-Yatağan-Bozdoğan yöresinde bulunan ve üretim yapılan yataklardır. Bu çalışmada, Menderes Masifinin değişik noktalarından alınan örneklerle yapılan analizler neticesinde bölgedeki feldspat kalitesi, eser element derişimleriyle birlikte ortaya konulmuştur. Bu amaçla bölgedeki 20 farklı noktadan feldspat numuneleri alınmış, öğütülerek homojenize edildikten sonra belli bir miktar bağlayıcı ile karıştırılıp preslenerek pelet haline getirilmiş ve enerji ayırımlı X-ışınları floresans (XRF) spektrometresi ile analizlenmiştir. Her numune için üç ölçüm yapılmıştır. Tüm numunelerde olamasa bile numunelerin çoğunda 41 element/bileşik kütle yüzdeleri, Fundamental Parameter algoritmasını kullanan özel bir yazılım ile matriks etkileri düzeltildikten sonra, hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar görsel ve ileri çok değişkenli istatistiksel metotlarla incelenmiştir. Hangi elementlerin hangi numune bölgelerinde bulunduğu veya bulunmadığı, hangi bölgelerde derişiminin çok yüksek veya çok düşük olduğu; hangi elementlerin bölgeler itibarıyla miktar değişimlerinin paralellik gösterdiği grafikler ve çizelgeler yardımıyla ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuçları içeren veri seti Başlıca Bileşen Analizi istatistiksel metoduyla da incelenerek element dağılımı ve miktarları ile numunelerin alındığı bölgeler arasındaki ilişkiler ortaya konmuş daha sonra uygulanan Hiyerarşik Kümeleme Analizi ile numune bölgeleri ve bölgeleri karakterize eden elementler arasındaki benzerlikler vurgulanmıştır.The most important and high-quality feldspar deposits are found in western Anatolia, especially in Çine-Milas-Yatağan-Bozdoğan district. In this study, the composition together with the trace element content of the samples of feldspar deposits taken from different sites in Menderes Massive are documented. For this purpose, feldspar samples collected from 20 different sites were grinded for homogenization and mixed with a certain amount of binder prior to pressing to obtain pellets. Pellets were analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers. Three measurements were made for each sample. The mass percent of 41 elements/compounds found in samples, although all of which were not found in all of the samples analyzed, were quantified with the use of a dedicated software known as fundamental parameter, which corrects individual peak intensities for matrix effects. The results were analyzed with the use of advanced multivariate statistical methods, as well as with relatively simple exploratory data analysis of various tables and graph constructed from original data sets. Thus, which elements are present or absent and which elements are of high concentrations with respect to sample sites were explored. The data set were then statistically analyzed by principal component analysis method to characterize the relations between element concentrations and distributions of elements in sampling regions. The similarities between sampling sites and also of various elements were then demonstrated through hierarchical clustering

Effects of consolidation characteristics on CPT cone resistance and liquefaction resistance in silty soils

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Civil Engineering, Izmir, 2013Includes bibliographical references (laves: 123-127)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxvii, 161 leavesOne of the most important reasons of the life and property losses caused by earthquakes is liquefaction during or after the earthquakes. Many researches focused on liquefaction after the earthquakes have revealed that liquefaction occurs mostly in silty soils. Empirical relationships between normalized cone penetration resistance (qc1N), cyclic resistance ratio (CRR), magnitude of earthquake (Mw), and silt content (FC), derived from field observations, are currently used for liquefaction potential assessment of loose saturated sands and silty sands. However, the effects of fine content on liquefaction resistance and penetration resistance are not defined clearly in these researches. For this reason, it is aimed to investigate the effects of fine content on consolidation characteristics and the effects of coefficient of consolidation on liquefaction resistance and cone penetration resistance. In this study, a number of field and laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the existing relationships. According to the results of experimental studies, first, the effects of the fines content on coefficient of consolidation and drainage characteristics of soils for different soil density ranges are examined and it is established that, both the fines content and the relative density effect the coefficient of consolidation of the sands and silty sands. Second, the changes in cone penetration resistance are investigated for different range of fines content and the relative density which have significant influence on coefficient of consolidation. It has been realized that the coefficient of consolidation indicates a significant influence on the measured penetration resistance during penetration of the CPT cone to the soil having different relative density, and it is figured out that for stiff-dense to medium dense soil, the decrease of normalized cone resistance is observed due to the change in drainage characteristics of fines or coefficient of consolidation. On the other hand, for loose soils only the relative density indicates a significant influence on the measured CPT penetration resistance around the probe. Finally, the contribution of the relative density on the liquefaction resistance of soils is observed at different fines content and compared with the available method in the literature

Computer-Assisted Design for Paracetamol Masking Bitter Taste Prodrugs

It is believed that the bitter taste of paracetamol, a pain killer drug, is due to its hydroxyl group. Hence, it is expected that blocking the hydroxy group with a suitable linker could inhibit the interaction of paracetamol with its bitter taste receptor/s and hence masking its bitterness. Using DFT theoretical calculations we calculated proton transfers in ten different Kirby’s enzyme models, 1–10. The calculation results revealed that the reaction rate is linearly correlated with the distance between the two reactive centers (rGM) and the angle of the hydrogen bonding (α) formed along the reaction pathway. Based on these results three novel tasteless paracetamol prodrugs were designed and the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for their proton transfers were calculated. Based on the experimental t1/2 (the time needed for the conversion of 50% of the reactants to products) and EM (effective molarity) values for processes 1–10 we have calculated the t1/2 values for the conversion of the three prodrugs to the parental drug, paracetamol. The calculated t1/2 values for ProD 1–3 were found to be 21.3 hours, 4.7 hours and 8 minutes, respectively. Thus, the rate by which the paracetamol prodrug undergoes cleavage to release paracetamol can be determined according to the nature of the linker of the prodrug (Kirby’s enzyme model 1–10). Further, blocking the phenolic hydroxyl group by a linker moiety is believed to hinder the paracetamol bitterness.The Karaman Co. is thanked for support of our computational facilities. Special thanks are also given to Angi Karaman, Donia Karaman, Rowan Karaman and Nardene Karaman for technical assistance

Stability and removal of several statins from wastewater using different treatment technologies

Atorvastatin (ATO), Rosuvastatin (RST) and Simvastatin (SIM) are commonly used drugs that belong to the statin family (lowering human blood cholesterol levels) and have been detected as contaminants in natural waters. Stability and removal of statins from wastewater produced at Al-Quds University Campus were investigated. Kinetic studies in pure water (abiotic degradation), in sludge (biodegradability) and in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) at room temperature were investigated. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using the semi- conductor titanium dioxide (TiO2) has proven to be a promising treatment technology for water purification. The degradation reactions of the three drugs in wastewater at room temperature follow first order kinetics with rate constants of 2.2 x 10-7 s-1(ATO), 1.8 x 10-7s-1 (RST) and 1.8 x 10-6 s-1 (SIM), which are larger than those obtained in pure water under the same conditions, 1.9x 10-8 s-1 (ATO), 2.2x 10-8s-1 (RST) and 6.2 x 10-7 s-1 (SIM). AOPs process was proposed and applied. TiO2, used as catalyst, owns two important properties: high photo-catalytic activity and low cost. Photo-degradation of Atorvastatin was much faster under light irradiation in presence of TiO2 (photocatalysis) (t1/2 = 1.15 hours, 0.704h-1) than under Suntest irradiation (photolysis) (t1/2 = 5.0 hours, 0.165h-1). Degradation products were identified by LC-MS and LC/MS/MS. The overall performance of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) installed in Al-Quds University Campus towards the removal of these drugs was assessed showing that more than 90% of spiked ATO, RST and SIM were removed. In order to evaluate the efficiency of alternative removal methods to replace ultra-filtration membranes, adsorption isotherms for the three statins were investigated using both activated carbon and clay-micelle complex as adsorbents and AOP’s as a post treatment. The batch adsorption isotherms for the three statins were found to fit Langmuir equation, with larger number of adsorption sites and binding affinity for micelle-clay composite compared to activated carbon and filtration experiments of the three statins and their corresponding metabolites demonstrated a more efficient removal by micelle-clay filters

Savojna svojstva lameliranog drva izrađenoga od topolovine i GFRP-a

In this study, 4 layers of 5 mm thick slats obtained by sawing method from poplar wood were used. Plain woven GRFP with low density and grammage of 100 g/m2 (Type 1) and plain woven GRFP with high density and grammage of 200 g/m2 (Type 2) were placed and glued between each layer. Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc-D4), Polyurethane (PU) and dual-component Epoxy (L285-resin and H285-hardener) adhesives were used for gluing the layers. Strength values (bending and modulus of elasticity) between the obtained layers were investigated. As a result of the study, it was determined that epoxy glue has higher strength than polyurethane and polyvinyl acetate glues; Type 2 plain woven fabric has higher strength than Type 1 plain woven fabric; and parallel load to the glue line results in higher performance than perpendicular load to the glue line.U radu se prikazuje istraživanje lameliranog drva izrađenoga od piljenjem proizvedenih topolovih platica debljine 5 mm složenih u četiri sloja. Između svakog sloja zalijepljena je plošno tkana GRFP tkanina male gustoće i površinske mase 100 g/m2 (tip 1) i plošno tkana GRFP tkanina velike gustoće i površinske mase 200 g/m2 (tip 2). Za lijepljenje drva i tkanine upotrijebljena su ova ljepila: polivinilacetatno (PVAc-D4), poliuretansko (PU) i dvokomponentno epoksidno (L285-mola i H285-otvrdnjivač). Istražene su vrijednosti čvrstoće (savijanje i modul elastičnosti) te je utvrđeno da epoksidno ljepilo ima veću čvrstoću nego poliuretansko i polivinilacetatno ljepilo. Nadalje, tkanina tipa 2 ima veću čvrstoću od tkanine tipa 1, a djelovanjem sile paralelno sa sljubnicom dobivena su bolja svojstva nego pri djelovanju sile okomito na sljubnicu

Electricity Demand Forecasting with Use of Artificial Intelligence: The Case of Gokceada Island

This study reviews a selection of approaches that have used Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Multi Linear Regression (MLR) to forecast electricity demand for Gokceada Island. Artificial Neural Networks, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Linear Regression methods are frequently used in the literature. Imports, exports, car numbers, and tourist-passenger numbers are used as based on input values from 2014 to 2020 for Gokceada Island, and the electricity energy demands up to 2040 are estimated as an output value. The results obtained were analyzed using statistical error metrics such as R2, MSE, RMSE, and MAE. The confidence interval analysis of the methods was performed. The correlation matrix is used to show the relationship between the actual value and method outputs and the relationship between independent and dependent variables. It was observed that ANN yields the highest confidence interval of 95% among the method utilized, and the statistical error metrics have the highest correlation for ANN methods between electricity demand output and actual data

Forecasting Electricity Demand in Turkey Using Optimization and Machine Learning Algorithms

Medium Neural Networks (MNN), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WAO), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods are frequently used in the literature for estimating electricity demand. The objective of this study was to make an estimation of the electricity demand for Turkey’s mainland with the use of mixed methods of MNN, WAO, and SVM. Imports, exports, gross domestic product (GDP), and population data are used based on input data from 1980 to 2019 for mainland Turkey, and the electricity demands up to 2040 are forecasted as an output value. The performance of methods was analyzed using statistical error metrics Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), R-squared, and Mean Square Error (MSE). The correlation matrix was utilized to demonstrate the relationship between the actual data and calculated values and the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The p-value and confidence interval analysis of statistical methods was performed to determine which method was more effective. It was observed that the minimum RMSE, MSE, and MAE statistical errors are 5.325 × 10⁻¹⁴, 28.35 × 10⁻²⁸, and 2.5 × 10⁻¹⁴, respectively. The MNN methods showed the strongest correlation between electricity demand forecasting and real data among all the applications tested

The Advocate - March 14, 1963

Original title (1951-1987)--The Advocate: official publication of the Archdiocese of Newark (N.J.)

Paracetamol Detoxification Using ODTMA Micelles-Activated Charcoal Complex

Paracetamol poisoning is among the most common causes of medication related poisoning and death. The evidence for all interventions for paracetamol overdose is weak. Activated charcoal, gastric lavage, and ipecacuanha are able to reduce absorption of paracetamol if started within one to two hours of paracetamol ingestion, but the clinical benefit is unclear. Therefore, there is a pressing need to invent modified forms of activated carbon and other adsorbents to treat paracetamol toxification. In this study we have investigated the efficiency of octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA) micelles-activated charcoal (OMAC) complex that possesses a positive charge, a high surface area and a high affinity to capture paracetamol molecules. Various pHs were studied to evaluate the effect of pH on the removal of paracetamol by this adsorbent. The adsorption isotherm results demonstrate a fit to Freundlich adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics follow a pseudo second order kinetics model. The results revealed that OMAC complex can enhance the detoxification of paracetamol at high doses in the stomach even at low pH compared to activated charcoal. Furthermore, the results indicate that OMAC complex can adsorb paracetamol in different forms at different pHs relative to charcoal, which renders the complex a better detoxification agent than activated charcoal